After thirty years of equal pay legislation, however, the gender wage gap in the Australian workplace continues, females earning about 8% less than their male counterparts in all industries and all-major occupational groupings. 408-427. For the Best Psychology Segment Award: Kate Nelson-Coffey, assistant professor in the department of psychology at the University of the South, examined the happiness gap for mothers. Anti-discrimination laws have had a limited impact on GPE, since the liberal legal system have not been designed to change social structures, but merely to/ allows women to participate in existing arenas. Introduction One significant discrimination problem the world population is battling, takes… Let a Professional Expert Help You, Ask a professional expert to help you with your text, Give us your email and we'll send you the essay you need, By clicking Send Me The Sample you agree to the terms and conditions of our service. An Analysis of the Gender Pay Gap in Australia This is an analytical essay that discusses the gender pay gap. Women have continuously been over-represented in part-time employment, with three-quarters of all part-timers being women in August 2011. This process disadvantaged workers with lower skills and bargaining power. Rees, Neil, Lindsay, Katherine and Rice, Simon, Australian Anti-Discrimination Law: Text, Cases and Materials (The Federation Press, 2008). International Women’s Day is a call to action. Nevertheless, 18 percent of women in the workforce enjoyed equal pay through the industry-wide application of the measures. In 1999, it was found that for families with both parents employed, 70 per cent of mothers exercised flexible working arrangements such as flexible working hours, permanent part time work and working at home, to give adequate time for child-rearing. The current analysis follows an approach similar to that of Albrecht et al (2003), in order to investigate how the gender gap evolves throughout the wage distribution, and to test Pay gap is down 1.1% from last year, but still equates to a difference of about $25,700 a year, Workplace Gender Equality agency says The gender pay gap is a growing problem of the modern “Equal Rights” era. Its findings supported United Nations Ambassador Emma Watson’s recent claim, at the launch of the ‘HeForShe’ campaign, that ‘No country in the world can yet say they have achieved gender equality’. The gender pay gap has always been a major issue among many businesses; however, Belgium is one of a few countries with the very lowest pay gap in Europe and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Stone, 2018). The gender wage gap is a prominent issue which is fought for in feminism today. The Economic Record. On average, around 59 additional working days are … The right to equal pay was first entrenched in federal labour law through the adoption of the 1969 and 1972 equal pay principles by Australia’s/n federal industrial tribunal. The ability of IDD to challenge disadvantaging practices is seriously blunted by the fact that the court can find these procedures lawful if held reasonable. Countries such as the United States and United Kingdom, upon which Australian anti-discrimination laws are based, have stronger laws. Australian Journal of Labour Economics 309. Undervaluation can be proven by showing that current rates of pay are inconsistent with the tribunal’s assessments of work value. Whitehouse, Gillian, ‘Pay Equity Prospects’ (2005) 13 Frontline 12. The GPG is partly the result of women taking work that accommodates their familial obligations, instead of career-enhancing work that match their skills and experience. DD arguably only covers blanket exclusions and prejudicial assumptions; although this is not a small area, it does not ensure equality of outcome or resource. It means that women are earning 17.6 per cent less than men. The final work when submitted got me A grade. The is the idea of a gender pay gap that is being mentioned in the MSM (Mainstream Media), and other outlets such as progressive feminists. Together this legislation prevents services from discriminating against any group being race, gender or disability. The undervaluation of work undertaken in female-concentrated occupations contributes to the gender pay gap; and the comparable worth principle must be implemented more widely to overcome this problem. The judiciary’s tendency to adopt narrow analyses may reflect an ignorance of the impacts of exclusion and disadvantage, given their relatively privileged social positions. The comparative worth policy being implemented in recent years may effectively tackle this issue; although at present there are still a significant number of occupations that have yet to benefit from its application. Unequal Pay for Equal Work Author: Melanie Varnell Throughout the history of the world, discrimination in all forms has been a constant battle; whether its race, gender, religion, beliefs, appearance or anything else that makes one person different from another, it’s happening every day. It is derived from gross current weekly pay and total weekly hours Men’s aworkedverage . The pay gap is stuck at 17.4% and it’s predominantly women that have time out for caring responsibilities. The gender pay gap in society is something thatis deemed ‘distressingly evident’, and continues to steadily control women insociety (McDowell 2014 p.829). Learn more about the subject of history, which is broadly defined as the study of past events. This system affords women protection so long as they can conform to existing practices. Smith, Belinda, ‘It’s About Time – For A New Regulatory Approach to Equality’(2008) 36 Federal Law Review 117. Developing an Equal Remuneration Principle under the Fair Work Act’ (2010) 23 Australian Journal of Labour Law 152. Executive summary This report explores the gender pay gap in Australia, looking at why there is a gender pay gap and how that gender pay gap might be redressed. Women working full-time earn 18% less than men. hourly wages are substantially higher than women’s in Australia (see Table 1): the mean gender earnings gap amongst fulltime - In contemporary Australia, women have the, The presence of social feminism has become increasingly more overt in recent years. This might seem impossible but with our highly skilled professional writers all your custom essays, book reviews, research papers and other custom tasks you order with us will be of high quality. However, determinations of work value gave higher favour to masculinised areas of work, and functions linked with predominantly female industries were underappreciated. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. III FACTORS INFLUENCING GENDER PAY INEQUITY. Smith, Meg and Stewart, Andrew, ‘A New Dawn for Pay Equity? Chesters, Jenny, Baxter, Janeen and Western, Mark, ‘Paid and Unpaid Work in Australian Households: Trends in the Gender Division of Labour, 1986-2005’ (2009) 12 Australian Journal of Labour Economics 89. Preston, Alison and Whitehouse, Gillian, ‘Gender Differences in Occupation of Employment within Australia’ (2004) 7 The Acts attempts to achieve equality through the prohibition of two defined forms of discrimination – direct discrimination (DD) is confined to facilitating equality of opportunity, whilst indirect discrimination (IDD) allows some movement towards equality in substance by targeting a restricted range of systemic unfair treatment. Essay 28 August 2019 is Equal Pay Day in Australia so that, at least for one day, the fact that women do not earn as much as men for doing the same work will be marked with special attention. Read Text. As a result of women’s primary caregiver role, they are pushed into compromising between paid and unpaid duties. A Longitudinal Analysis of Gender, Gender Role Orientation and Earnings’ (2008) 93 Journal of Applied Psychology 994. In Purvis, it was held that there is no DD treatment if an act is based on a characteristic or manifestation of a ground, provided that these are borne by the person. Broomhill, Ray and Sharp, Rhonda, ‘The Changing Male Breadwinner Model in Australia: A New Gender Order?’ (2004) 15 Labour and Industry 1. In 2002, an Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) survey revealed that of employees who took a break after the birth of their youngest child, six per cent of men took longer than six weeks, compared to around 93 per cent of women. Get always-fresh news, analysis, best practices, and proprietary research. Due to weak substantive provisions, and the judiciary’s unwillingness to alter existing systems, there has been less than desirable change to systemic discrimination. The gender segregation of the workforce is one reason Australia’s gender pay gap has been so persistent. These limitations were partially addressed in the 1972 National Wage Case, resulting in the new principle of ‘equal pay for work of equal value’. It has existed for as long as women have had the right to work and although it may be decreasing in the last few years, it is still at a rough 15% gap in Australia alone. 1. In the past, this standard has been justified due to the fact that women were more likely to be stay-at-home moms, and were less likely to have jobs or college degrees. Whiting is intending to figure out the wage gaps between men and women This document contrasts the theories of both the Family as a social unit, and Social class, representing a person’s prestige, and discusses how these two theories differ when, The Main Causes Of The Gender Pay Gap In Australia, The Creation Story Of Islam And The Three Creation Stories, Causes And Impacts And Effects Of Advertisements And Effects. The paper “ Glass Ceiling and Gender Pay Gap in Australia” is a persuasive variant of essays on sociology. Wooden (1999) indicated that upon controlling for individual and job characteristics, the higher concentration of females in an occupation had a significant negative influence on general earnings. In this essay, I will focus on gender inequality. Get high-quality papers at affordable prices. In order to further combat GPE, there remains a need to deal with the undervaluation of ‘feminised’ work, the lack of flexibility in good quality positions, and the bar that inhibits women from progressing to higher positions of management. We take care of all your paper needs and give a 24/7 customer care support system. Enjoy immediate access on every device, and be ready to dive into a full library to build your expertise. (Sage reference) I will first, Problem: The Industrial Relations Commissions in New South Wales and Queensland have established undervaluation as the threshold for making an equal remuneration claim. (WGEA, 2017, p.8). ethnicity and gender. II Labour Law’s Contributions to Gender Pay Equity. LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 Change in number and percentage of employees by industry, employment status and gender, 2015-16 to 2016-17 12 TABLE 2 Gender pay gap within occupation levels for full-time workers, base and total, 2014-15 to 2016-17 16 TABLE 3 Full-time gender pay gap among industries – base salary, 2015-16 to 2016-17 18 TABLE 4 Full-time gender pay gap … The test did not regularly turn to a male standard. However this system is now in decline and women are insufficiently protected in today’s deregulating markets. Cite this document Summary … Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. Australia’s rank in this category has been steadily declining; Group Assignment 2: Campbell, Iain, ‘Casual Work and Casualisation: How Does Australia Compare?’ (2004) 15 Labour and Industry 85. This is Best of Week on the Academic Minute. Differences in borrowing exist across genders, though they are smaller differences. This report will explain the main issue of gender income inequality. Rubery, Jill, ‘Performance- Related Pay and the Prospects for Gender Pay Equity’ (1995) 32 Journal of Management Studies 637 Smith, Belinda, ‘Not The Baby And The Bathwater: Regulatory Reform For Equality Laws To Address Work-Family Conflict’(2006) 28 Sydney Law Review 689. Articles The wage-fixing principles in the 1970s, has granted immediate collective remedies from industry-wide, award application. This primary commitment to formal equality is inadequate. Essay about legal driving age australia pay essay gap in Gender dear roommate stanford essay examples. It compares wage outcomes in the wage and salary sector with those for the self‐employed. However… Globalization has also facilitated changing of gender roles and securing women’s place in a work place, especially in the developing countries. A recent study found that 65 and 90 percent of the gender pay gap (of 27 percent) in the sample cannot be associated with managerial characteristics and is potentially caused by discrimination. (2016, Oct 25). The quest for equal pay has been a highly emotive and political debate, spanning a number of decades. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy, Don’t waste Your Time Searching For a Sample. Women in Work Index: Closing the Gender Pay Gap PwC Research The 2018 Women in Work Index takes a look at the drivers of the pay gap across the OECD. Frazer, Andrew, ‘Anti-Discrimination Law at Mid-life Crisis’ (2011) 24 Australian Journal of Labour Law 75. The main causes of the first trend are increase demand for services and technological change, which have led us into a new era where highly skilled labour force is needed to operate more complex machineries and computer systems. neglects the pay disparity between males and females, which is prevalent in the Australian society. Burrow, Sharan, ‘ An Unequal World’ (2004) 10 UNSW Law Journal Forum 38. Work and Family Discussion Paper’(2005) 18 Australian Journal of Labour Law 313. These advances had instituted significant gain wage gains for dental assistants, childcare workers and librarians. Women are more likely to enroll in college than men. The Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) and its equivalent state laws have managed to dispel formal barriers to equality, but largely fails to accommodate women’s differences from men. Of their lives compared to male counterparts doussa, the GPG can also be attributed to Report! 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